where QL is the “leakage Q”, considered as a parameter of the driver. In the 1961 paper, Thiele calculated a similar parameter QB, the “box Q”, as a parameter of the box. When Small showed later that such leakage losses were much greater in the driver than those in the box, so much so that they could be virtually ignored, he still called the changed parameter QB initially, but later called it QL. Thus in the expression above, QL is the loss parameter for the driver, as calculated below. If QL is not known,
it may be taken as 7 without too much error.
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